Technology Influence

TECHNOLOGY INFLUENCE At every stage of the production process there is the potential for technology to be applied to improve efficiency and quality, such as using machines to make manufacturing more accurate. Some form of technology is used in operations to make every good, so changes in technology have a big impact on transformation processes, affecting the mix of inputs, as well as creating new opportunities for outputs. Technology also has an important impact on operations management because electronic systems can be used to better plan, monitor, control, and manage the operations process.For example, technology can be used to design products and sequence production tasks more efficiently. Technological impacts on inputs Many forms of technology are used as inputs in the production process, such as microchips, synthetic materials, and machinery. These technologies can often be substituted for other resources. For example, synthetic products can replace raw materials, and machines can do the work of humans. As technology advances and becomes cheaper, more reliable, and easier to use, these kinds of substitutions become more likely.The replacement of humans by machines (called ‘automation') is a particularly big issue as labour accounts for about 60% of all production costs. Machines can often be much cheaper than people. New technology can often be expensive to adopt, so a business might feel pressured by the market to make the change (for instance, because new technology is perceived as fashionable or higher quality), but be reluctant to do so because of cash f low problems or doubt about long-term benefits.Also, there can sometimes be initial problems and bugs with new technology, and workers may have to learn new skills to be able to use technology properly. Technological impacts on the types of outputs New technology presents wonderful opportunities for businesses to make new kinds of products and old products with new features. Improvements in elec tronic and computing technology, for example, allowed the development of smartphones and mp3 players. It also allows innovations that were previously unheard of (such as white bread fortified with calcium).These opportunities affect business strategies, which affects operations management, which may have to adapt to produce new products. If businesses are behind the technological curve, operations management may need to play a game of ‘catch up' to keep up with technological innovations. For example, as technological change allowed mp3 players to flourish, operations managers in companies stuck making old-fashioned CD players had to learn to make the new kind of music player. ? Technological impact on the quantity of outputsTechnological change may allow the business to increase its efficiency, allowing it to make more products than it could previously. For example, a human might be able to make three handbags each hour. A new machine might be able to make 30 or 300 in an hour , and could potentially operate around the clock, whereas humans can only work limited hours. Similarly, electronic records mean doctors can access patients' medical histories more quickly and therefore allow potentially faster diagnoses, so they can see more patients in a day.

Relationship banking

Youth, adolescence, and maturity of banks Credit availability to small business in an era of banking consolidation. pdf more complete conceptual framework for SME finance. pdf Bank Size and Small- and Medium-sized Enterprise (SME) Lending Evidence from China. pdf Bank size, lending technologies, and small business finance. pdf Bank-firm relationships, financing and firm performance in Germany. pdf Collateral, type of lender and relationship banking as determinants of credit risk. pdf Competition and relationship lending Friends or foes. pdf Credit protection and lending relationships. pdfFirm failure and relationship lending in an emerging economy new evidence from small businesses. pdf How do lending relationships affect access to credit and loan conditions in microlending. pdf Information verifiability, bank organization, bank competition and bank-borrower relationships. pdf Lending relationships in line-of- credit and nonline-of-credit loans Evidence from collateral use in small b usiness. pdf Loan officers and relationship lending to SMEs. pdf Multiple banking relationships and the fragility of corporate borrowers. pdf On the importance ot retail banking relationships. t On the prortability and cost of relationship lending. pdf Organizational distance and use of collateral for business loans.SME, borrowing constraints and banking relationship in Japan. pdf The number of banking relationships and the business cycle New evidence from Colombia. pdf The relationship banking paradox No pain no gain versus raison d†tre. pdf The relationship between banking market competition and risk-taking Do size and capitalization matter. pdf Trends in relationship lending and factors affecting relationship lending effeciency. pdf What's in a relationship The case of commercial lending. pdf Collateral, type of lender and relationship banking. pdf Collateral-based lending in emerging. pdf Do lending relationships matter. f Does gender matter in bank-firm relationships Evid ence from small. pdf Does market size structure affect competition. pdf Empirical determinants of relationship lending. pdf Evidence of Jointness in the terms of relationship. pdf How do lending relationships affect access to credit and loan conditions. pdf How important are small banks to small to small business lending. pdf How SMEs exploit their intellectual property assets. pdf Information verifiability, bank organization, bank competition and bank,

The Constraints and Opportunities for an E-Commerce Strategy Assignment - 1

The Constraints and Opportunities for an E-Commerce Strategy - Assignment Example It should also allow the customers to give feedback and share their business experience with others. This helps to attract more customers to your business. The second element is the layout. The layout should help to ease navigation around the website. A simple layout facilitates the navigation process, therefore, allowing customers to easily locate the products and services that they need. It also facilitates the payment process. The third element is the ordering process, which can also be referred to as the shopping cart. This is part of the purchasing process and it should be designed to suit the needs of the customers and the employees. It should be designed in a way that facilitates understanding between the employees and the customer. The business should provide a shopping cart that meets the customers’ needs. The fourth element is the payment process. The website should facilitate the exchange of funds from the employee to the business. One should consider how the custom ers will pay for the products and services by establishing a mode of payment that can easily be transacted by the customer. The payments should also appear real time to eliminate misunderstandings that could arise from delays. The fifth element to consider is the order fulfillment. All transactions that have been paid off should be completed through the delivery of the relevant products and services. This helps to build trust and attract new customers through positive ratings (Clark, 2012). Â  There are several opportunities that a business can receive from engaging in e-commerce. Firstly, the business is able to target a wide range of customers. The internet has very many users from different backgrounds; therefore, one can easily locate many potential clients using a single interface. Secondly, it is a form of marketing.

Horizontal Violence in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Horizontal Violence in Nursing - Essay Example Although many healthcare stakeholders are aware of rampant horizontal violence, many of them are oblivious of its extent. Ditmer (2010) provides an overview of the scope of horizontal violence among nurses, establishing that â€Å"75%† of nurses have experienced aggression, harassment and bullying during their careers. To further exacerbate such grim statistics, majority of such acts go unreported. Besides, such horizontal violence may not be interfered with a reported â€Å"40%† of leaders remaining passive or quiet when witnessing such acts (Ditmer, 2010). Several explanations have been provided for the cause and nature of horizontal violence. In certain situations conflict within the group arises and horizontal violence is a symptom of an underlying problem. The ultimate result is that horizontal violence persists in the nursing workplace and the individual nurses learn it as an expected behavior, being oblivious that it should not be part of their culture. As a resu lt the nurses are vilified for this and develop a low self-esteem, such that by the time they enter the nursing practice they are already negatively socialized to certain submissive roles. Horizontal violence such as â€Å"disruptive and unprofessional behavior† is allowed to enter due to two factors; through acts of omission; and new nurses’ deficient of formal instruction to handle conflicts and assert their rights. In the former case, it is noted that failure of the management to act even after observing manifestations of horizontal violence contributes to its pervading and perception as part of normal culture in nursing practice. In the latter case, new graduate nurses are observed to lack the necessary skills to deal with being victims of horizontal violence. Some of them also... This essay approves that further analysis will be through correlating data for the day and night shifts as well as registered nurses and technical nurses. Correlations will also be done according to age category of nurses in the work place: baby boomers, generation X and generation Y, with the view of establishing which group is most affected by horizontal violence since it is appreciated that generational differences exist in terms of how these groups act and react in the workplace. This report makes a conclusion that Horizontal violence is a widespread and pertinent issue despite being addressed by legal and healthcare policies. Literature is indicative that it is the result of powerlessness and marginalization of nurses at the workplace accompanied by laxity or disregard of its impact by the management. It has very serious consequences on the individual nurse and quality of patient care availed besides translating into massive losses whenever nurses quit the field. On an institutional level, it is argued that horizontal violence contributes to poor retention. Research evidence for this is limited, and thus justifies an inquiry into it. This study develops a correlational research design to be used to study whether there is a link between horizontal violence among nurses and hospital nurse retention in two medical-surgery units. A horizontal violence measuring tool whose reliability and validity has been tested is proposed for use in data collection after assur ing participant protection through the IRB and hospital management.

Marketing Plan for Victoria's Secret Case Study

Marketing Plan for Victoria's Secret - Case Study Example Other important applications include informing the details of the company to the sales personnel, suppliers and others so that they become aware of company's goals and achievements. Let's look at the essential elements of marketing plan Victoria's secret. The launch proposal for Victoria's secret would be as below mentioned. Feasibility study is an important phase in the Victoria's secret development process. It enables the advertiser to have an assessment of the product being launched. It refers to the feasibility study of the product in this case Victoria's secret in terms of outcomes of the product, operational use and technical support required for implementing it. The best media to promote Victoria's secret would be electronic media like Television and Internet. The below are the feasibility study for the media like electronic and internet. Economic Feasibility: It refers to the benefits or outcomes. We are deriving from the product as compared to the total cost we are spending for developing the product. If the benefits are more or less the same as the older system, then it is not feasible to develop the product. In the present system, the development of the new product greatly enhance the accuracy of the system and cuts short the delay in knowing the brand to the general public as well. The errors can be greatly reduced and at the same time providing great level of security. Hence, we do not need any additional equipment except advertising strategy of required capacity. No need of spending money on Victoria's secret for maintenance because the database used is web enabled database. Operational Feasibility: It refers to the feasibility of the product to be operational. Some products may work very well at design and implementation but may fall in the real time environment. It includes the study of additional human resources required and their technical expertise. Technical Feasibility: It refers to whether the software that is available in the market fully supports the Victoria's secret's advertising. It studies the pros and cons of using particular software for the development of the ad and its feasibility. It also studies the additional training need to be given to the people to make the advertisement.. To stay in the present marketing world a company should have good customer support services. The competition among companies is high and they to stay at the top they are using aggressive marketing strategies. The operational management and the Human Resource (HR) departments have a bigger role to play in the development of the respective companies. The quality of the product should always be of high standard. The service side concentrates mainly on providing knowledge about the brand to the guilible buyers. Buyers care section plays an important role on deciding how good a company and should be taken seriously at all times. To become a multinational company the management has to expand its units across the country. As company and its other units are slowly expanding so does the problems are increasing

Learning Journey Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Learning Journey Report - Essay Example Based on everyday encounter with people at home, at work, and elsewhere, this is true indeed and each time I engage myself to communicate with others, I feel a sense of relief at having experienced one basic nature of human being. As a learning individual, I have observed that communication enhances my capacity toward self-awareness such that I can determine my personal judgment and feeling over something out of the natural response to stimuli from people who assume different life roles in relation to me. I learn that becoming educated is a natural process of growth to maturity that depends on the learner’s enthusiasm and willingness to be subjected to the varying complexities of obtaining and sharing knowledge with fellow learners. Though I notice that it has been a typical concern to identify factors that affect student learning and often, the skills and knowledge of an academic instructor are readily assumed to take the key function of evaluating how teaching methods impact learning, communication still plays the crucial part. More than merely satisfying the fundamental necessity of gaining information, communication has made me acknowledge the value in understanding and being understood by my educator. As part of the team, I have found that my self-concept is constantly evolving in my attempt to conform to the organization and behave according to the culture and general attitude of the team in achieving the desired ends. Defining self proceeds as I seek fulfillment in effective communication which requires not only active participation in the activities but even understanding the strengths and weaknesses alike in people and circumstances within a social sphere from which driving force to come about a change or evolution may be derived. In this course, there have been several times I manage to observe that my own behavior is modified depending on the manner by which I perceive an arriving stimulus and respond to it correspondingly. I used to suppose t hat ‘being real to oneself’ simply meant going by the nature I am without needing to pay regard to the impact of the people in the group or society around me, thinking that the concept of self is understood just once in a lifetime. Along with this misconception is the belief that former foundations bear the sole responsibility of substantiating the self, yet by objective and subjective learning, formation of self-identity is apparently ceaseless and may not be confined only to a few aspects of growth. Until I had come to the point of ascertaining that ‘sense of self’ is yielded through evolutionary stages, it usually felt complicated to handle self-awareness and what the exact meaning is of a true self in the past. To this extent, I have thus realized by far that human interactions or communication schemes portray a huge role in creating a person’s identity which continues to evolve with time and socio-cultural influences. When I came across serious commitment and risks as a member of the team, I recall the time I struggled getting over a hard feeling toward the fact that while there were open-minded individuals, others bore tendencies at unnecessary argumentation, then I unconsciously allowed myself to seek alternatives to divert my unpleasant emotions for comfort. Out of having to cope with the difficulty of erasing deep-rooted sentiments that had gone through an intense motion,

Bilingualism and How Communication Develops Dissertation

Bilingualism and How Communication Develops - Dissertation Example The ability to learn a language involves many areas of the brain. The association areas located in the parietal lobe with connections to the temporal and occipital areas are involved in language experiences by functionally facilitating a variety of language-related behaviours such as vision, body awareness, touch, spatial orientation, verbal comprehension, localisation of objects in space, abstract and complex cognitive functions of mathematical reasoning and formulation of logical thoughts stemming from visual experiences (Lezak, 1997). This area of the brain was termed this association area in the parietal lobe as the â€Å"association area of association areas† while others named this association area the â€Å"  cortex† (Lezak, 1997). The right hemisphere is also involved when organizing a narrative, an expression and during recognition of emotion in the tone of voice as well as regulation of rhythm and intonation of speech.  The specialization of the left hemis phere in language processing, neuronal systems used for grammatical, semantic and lexical processing have been found to be affected by early language experiences (Carlson, 2001). Studies also indicate that right hemisphere involvement is present since much of the language processing requires spatial location, motion; and specialization and differentiation of these neuronal circuits are related to the proficiency of the language. It is known that verbal behavior is lateralized and the functions of the left hemisphere are more specialized for the analysis of sequential stimuli such as speech. Speech consists of sounds arranged into sequences of words. Cortical language areas primarily associated with localization of language-related functions are on the left hemisphere around the Sylvian fissure, inferior frontal lobe which harbors Broca’s area, and Wernicke’s area, located in the posterior temporal lobe (Carlson, 2001).

William Burroughs and Rock Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

William Burroughs and Rock Culture - Essay Example William was born as the youngest son to a business family in St. Louis. He attended the John Burroughs School in St. Louis where his first published essay, "Personal Magnetism," was published in the John Burroughs Review in 1929. He then attended The Los Alamos Ranch School in New Mexico, which was stressful for him and was soon expelled from Los Alamos after taking chloral hydrate in Santa Fe with a fellow student. He finished high school at Taylor School in St. Louis and, in 1932, left home to pursue an arts degree at Harvard University. He was introduced to the gay culture at Harvard. According to According to Ted Morgan's Literary Outlaw, "His parents, upon his graduation, had decided to give him a monthly allowance of $200 out of their earnings from Cobblestone Gardens, a tidy sum in those days. It was enough to keep him going, and indeed it guaranteed his survival for the next twenty-five years, arriving with welcome regularity. The allowance was a ticket to freedom; it allowed him to live where he wanted to and to forgo employment. -Ted Morgan, Literary Outlaw. p.65. New York:Avon Books, 1988." The original edition of Junkie credited to "William Lee" was Burroughs's first novel publication. He had begun writing in 1945 and soon collaborated with Kerouac on "And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks, a mystery novel loosely based on the Carr/Kammerer situation that was left unpublished. An excerpt of this work, in which Burroughs and Kerouac wrote alternating chapters, was finally published in "Word Virus", a compendium of William Burroughs' writing that was published after his death in 1997. The first novel - Junkie, was taken from letters he had written to Ginsberg who encouraged him to think of writing a novel. Allen Ginsberg was the person who published his first novel as cheap as mass market paperback. Ace Books published the novel in 1953 under the pen name William Lee, re-titling it Junkie: Confessions of an Unredeemed Drug Addict. (It was later republished as Junkie or Junky). After the death of Ginsberg, William Burroughs wrote yet another novel. A novel resulted from this time, The Yage Letters, published in 1963 by San Francisco's City Lights Books comprising the letters between Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg. William Burroughs together with Ginsberg has characterized some of the essential effects of Beat Generation artistic movement in the following terms: "The evolution of rhythm and blues into rock and roll as a high art form, as evidenced by the Beatles, Bob Dylan, and other popular musicians influenced in the later fifties and sixties by Beat generation poets' and writers' works." William Seward Burroughs has been admired for his humor and talent of writing, but he is also the most appealing of all the major Beat figures. His crystalline clarity and raw power of writing influenced the rock culture of that era to a great extent. His particular emphasis on the issue of personal freedom brought about a whole new concept for the generation. Possibly, William was one of the most colorful writers who emerged on scene from the Beat period, and he led an extremely interesting life. He graduated from Harvard University in 1936 and was well known during his college days

Emerging Business Themes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Emerging Business Themes - Essay Example It has a more than 7,500 restaurants in the United States and over 5,600 restaurants in 97 countries. (Yum! Brands, 2009). Social Media is defined as "a group of Internet-based applications that are build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0, and that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content† (Kaplan Andreas M., 2010) . Pizza Hut, which started spreading as a franchise restaurant has evolved over a period of time keeping pace with the latest developments. Needless to say, that its diverse delivery format required huge investment in technology. Now, it is also investing in Social Media technology to keep up with its customers like many other ‘brands [which] are rushing to keep up with consumer behavior’ (Peter Kim, 2009). Pizza Hut is still testing grounds when it comes to social media technology. To find out what the customers want to hear, they engage in conversations with customers over the social media sites. It has initiated various campaigns targeted at increasing its online presence. It has marked its presence on Facebook and Twitter and is offering ‘hot’ deals to the users of these websites. However, a well defined marketing strategy regarding its social media networking is yet not in place. Pizza Hut has set its communication goals as – 1) giving people an engaging and fun way to find news and information from Pizza Hut, and 2) creating two-way relationships with our customers, built on trusted conversation. (Fuller, 2009) Probably its communication goals led Pizza Hut to announce its intention to hire an intern for managing its Twitter account. Although this piece of news was intended to establish camaraderie with the generation using Twitter, it gathered a lot of criticism from marketing gurus who thought it was a bad idea to let an intern handle an international brand on an international platform. (Evans, 2009) While social media technologies represent exciting new opportunities for

The concept of a living Essay Example for Free

The concept of a living Essay The concept of a living will is to give you peace of mind about any health problems or issues that may arise in the future. Also, it addresses the choices that need to be made and your family members inability to make those decisions for you, regarding your health. Leaving the decisions up to your family members can be difficult for them. A living will allows you to make those choices ahead of time alleviating the stress for family members. It is important for anyone, over the age of 18, to have a living will. In the event of a terminal illness or having become critically injured, without a living will, no one has the right to make medical decisions that impact your life or determine whether you should live or die. These legal documents have different names but one goal; designating your wishes for healthcare when you are unable to do so. The legal document that is imperative to put your wishes into writing is called a living will.   Unlike a traditional will, a living will is primarily directed to medical personnel regarding the types of medical procedures you wish or do not wish to receive when you are terminally ill or incapacitated. The living will becomes operative when it is provided to your physician or healthcare provider and you are incapable of making healthcare decisions for yourself.   A durable power of attorney or also known as a health care proxy is a signed, dated, and witnessed legal document that authorizes an individual to act as a spokesperson or agent of an individual to handle his/her affairs after he/she becomes incompetent. An advance directive combines a living will and durable power of attorney into one document or two separate documents. As with any document, there is potential for problems. The biggest problem is the misinterpretation of the patient’s wishes by medical personnel.   Not specifically defining the terms â€Å"incurable illness,† or â€Å"seriously incapacitated,† can leave the physician to interpret their own meaning, unless specified. There are certain code status’ that can also be too vague for interpretation. For instance, a chemical code in some hospitals means that you wish to be treated with medications only, while another hospital this code means no other procedures, (CPR or invasive procedures) are to be used. By using very specific terms in your living will can make your wishes known and can avoid potential problems. First and foremost, when executing any or all of these legal documents you must first check your state’s statutes to determine its requirements for these legal documents. Each state’s statutes differ, but provide the legal authority for you to make particular decisions in advance. Once you have done this, it’s time to start making important decisions such as; who will you choose to be your durable power of attorney, or health care proxy? How do I choose someone to make these choices in my best interest?   To make this decision, you may want to ask yourself a few questions to help you determine who could speak for you in a medical crisis: 1. Would this person be able to separate their own feelings from yours? 2. This person is able to handle conflict within your family, and medical personnel. 3. Knows you very well and understands what’s important to you. 4. You trust this person in general and with your life. 5. Meets the legal criteria in your state. (Very important.) After requesting permission of the person whom you have chosen for your durable power of attorney and discussing your concerns, instructions, and wishes with them, refer to your attorney to discuss your state’s policies on living wills and health care proxys.   Make your choices clear and foolproof. Next you will want to read and understand, possibly with your attorney present, the living will, a health care proxy, and the durable power of attorney forms, which is available online or from your attorney. Make sure you fully understand the contents of these forms as well as the choices that are to be made along with them. Consulting your physician about the type of care you wish to have or wish not to have, life prolonging treatments, or pain medications. You may also include organ donation in your will. Once the papers are complete and state statutes are followed, and the legal forms are signed, you will want to give copies to your doctor, healthcare proxy, and your family members. You will also want to keep a copy for yourself and this should be kept in an easily accessible location, or in a wallet type form. Laws governing living wills or advance directives vary state to state. These laws contain specific directions and requirements that must be met in order to be in compliance and assures the validity of the living will. For instance, The State of Rhode Island’s Rights of the Terminally Ill Act states that you must have two witnesses sign and date the legal form and may not be related to you by blood or marriage, while Alaska requires no witnesses or notarization.

International Human Resource Theories: Coca Cola Case Study

International Human Resource Theories: Coca Cola Case Study IHRM concepts in Coca Colas practices and reasons to transfer employees to the host countries 6 Selecting staff for global assignments in Coca Cola 7 The disadvantages of traditional selection in Coca Cola 8 Abstract This research project explains how the International Human Resource theories are used in Coca Cola as a multinational organization. More over it clarifies the IHRM theoretical side and how the company uses it in its practices. Also it explains both of the strength and weak points of the practical methods. Coca cola is an example of Multinational enterprises (MNEs) as it operates its business in more than 200 countries. Introduction Local Human Resource Management practices are different of international Human Resource Practices, because the core different in the organizational structure. The structure of a Multinational organization as Coca Cola should be different of another American local organization. These differences come from the significant role and senior strategies of the company. This should cause some significant change in the HR practices and functions. Since Coca Cola is a company operates its business around a huge number of countries around the world it began to respond to both of local and international needs. Environment, culture and political differences exist from a region to another. Globalization is the most important factor of the multinational enterprises phenomenon. Coca Cola one of the American companies became a multinational company to take the benefits of new markets and to minimize the labour costs. Haile (2002) mentioned that Bernadin and Russell (1998) and Robbins (1997) all stated that Coca-Cola and Pepsi receive more than half of their revenues from operations outside the United States. These reasons and more encourage the company to operate its business outside the boundaries. While the company started its operations outside USA it considered the environmental, cultural and political change. Also it considered the differences among the multinational employees. Therefore it started to find the methods and the practices which help to avoid any obstacles since the IHRM has new concepts were developed internationally. As a core point, the international human resource practices should be aligned with the predefined strategic business goals. Companys background Coca Cola was invested in May 1886 by Dr. John S. Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. Currently, its operations are in more than 200 countries, and with diverse work force of approximately 55,000 employees. The local and global strategy The strategic vision of the company is to achieve five strategic goals: Profit, people, value, partners and planet. One of the above strategic is people, which is the most important element in Coca Cola as people are the workforce which operates the whole work. Moreover the company gives its attention to the HRM to control the human functions and roles and to be aligning with the companys senior strategy. In line with the higher objectives of the company, human resources management seriously seeking to get the best management achieve the objectives of the company. For these reasons, IHRM should define know the structure of the company as a global. (The Times Newspaper, 2005, P. 2) The companys structure The home country of Coca Cola is USA it controls both of centralization and localizations functions. Senior decisions at The Coca Cola Company are made by an Executive Committee of 12 company Officers. This committee helped to shape the strategic priorities. The chair of the executive committee acts as a head for the company and chairs the board meetings. He is also the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and as such he is the senior decision maker. Other executives are responsible either for the major regions (e.g. Africa) or have an important business specialization for example the Chief Financial Officer. (The Times Newspaper, 2005, P. 3) There are seven main regions where Coca Cola operates in as the following: North America, Africa, Asia, Europe, Eurasia, Middle East, Latin America. Each region has divided into countries and each country has its own structure the following figure explains the structure of Coca Cola in Great Britain. (The Times Newspaper, 2005, P. 3) IHRM concepts in Coca Colas practices and reasons to transfer employees to the host countries Staff selection, international assignments, international training and development, international compensation, and IHRM in the host Country context are some key concepts of the international practices which Coca Colas HRM is responsible to deal with. And it is important to know the reason of transferring people from a region to another among Coca Cola parent company, host countries and subsidiaries. The reason of sending staff for international assignment in Coca Cola is to achieve three major goals within short and long terms: to fill positions, develop the management and to fulfil Coca Colas development. (Hartono 2009) The following table shows the reasons of transferring staff from the parent country of Coca Cola to the host countries (e.g. china). Why does Coca Cola transfer staff from the parent country (USA) to the host countries Transfer of technical or Managerial knowledge, training of subsidiary managers, or lack of qualified local personal (Position Filling) Level of education in host country is low Subsidiary is young Subsidiary is Greenfield establishment Gain international experience develop global awareness (Management Development) MNC is more internationalized MNC is large Control and coordination of subsidiary operations (Organizational Development) Uncertainly avoidance in home country is high Level of cultural distance between home country and host country is high Level of political risk in host country is high Subsidiary is large Subsidiary is majority-owned Subsidiary is higher in corporate reporting chain Subsidiary is young Subsidiary is under-performing improvement of communication channels between head quarter and subsidiary (Organizational Development) Level of cultural distance between home and host country is high Level of political risk in host country is high Subsidiary is young Selecting staff for global assignments in Coca Cola Hartono (2009) argued that studies explained that selecting employees for global tasks to achieve international specific jobs is difficult. Also wrong selection may lead to significant problems. Therefore Coca Cola developed its own system for careful selecting employees, in this system the company determines carefully the appropriate persons for each assignment. (Slavenski 2003) In Coca Cola they always give enough time to assess employees they wish to go for an international assignment. First step is to receive applications from the employees who find that he is qualified for the task. Then conduct five hours assessment for all the applicants to identify the following nine skills: 1. Organizing and planning 2. Perception and analysis 3. Decision making 4. Oral communication 5. Decisiveness 6. Adaptability 7. Interpersonal skills 8. Written communication 9. Perseverance Second step is to determine the best applicants who have succeed in the first assessment and ask them to return next day for the organizational orientation, also there is three days of training for the line managers who are responsible for this selection. In Coca Cola usually the third step is an interview to select one of three applicants to do the international assignment. Comparing with the old approach of selecting staff to do a global task there are a significant change in the way and technique used currently in Coca Cola. According to Slavenski (2003) he stated that These results indicate that the new method of interviewing is more effective than traditional interviewing. Hence, the assessment/hiring ratio was lowered from 3: 1 to 2:1. T hat is, for every two people assessed in the center, one could be selected. The cost savings amounted to about $48,000 per center or $4,000 per candidate. The disadvantages of traditional selection in Coca Cola Selecting people who have equivalent skills, information, and organizational expectations is more complex than it earliest appears. Someone who has been successful somewhere else in a related position may not always be a good selection. Old selection in most organizations is not as useful as it could be because it is not based on an analysis of job necessities, rather than being prepared and logical, it is unofficial and incompatible, making it hard to compare and assess candidates, it may involve unrelated, and sometimes unlawful, it allows the candidates small chance to express actual job skills and it is based on poor inspection and records and generally relies on the interviewers ability to bring to mind complex information about number of candidates. Lxr- ÃŽ ±: Molecular Link in Epidermal Microenvironment Lxr- ÃŽ ±: Molecular Link in Epidermal Microenvironment ABSTARCT The nuclear receptor LXR-ÃŽ ± is a transcriptional regulator involved in numerousepidermal processes including proliferation, differentiation, permeability barrierformation, inflammatory responses, skin development and homeostasis. Owing to itscrucial for multiple cell types in the skin, its activation in one skin cell type mayinfluence its expression and activation in other, thereby having a functional impact. Inthis study we investigated the effects that LXR-ÃŽ ± activation in keratinocytes would exerton LXR-ÃŽ ± expression in melanocytes. For this, we cultured melanocytes from theclinically healthy subjects and them nurtured with the media from the LXR-ÃŽ ± activated (by both Ascorbic acid and Atorvastatin along with 22-R hydroxycholestrol) keratinocyte. The DOPA staining verified the growth of melanocytes and the validationfor viability was done by flow cytometry. The results so obtained supported ourspeculation that LXR-ÃŽ ± activation in the normal healthy melanocytes may lead to theirapoptosis. Therefore, LXR-ÃŽ ± may be a critical player in keratinocyte and melanocytebiology and could be a potential target for skin disease management. INTRODUCTION Epidermal melanocytes form a functional and structural unit with neighboring keratinocyte. There is apparently a close relationship between melanocytes and keratinocytes that is important for melanocyte survival and differentiation. and that may involve keratinocyte-mediated cytokines [1]. Growth factors produced by adjacent keratinocytes regulate the proliferation and differentiation of melanocytes [2-5]. Therefore, changes in keratinocytes function might have a significant effect on melanocyte survival [6, 7]. The LXRs in skin physiology and pathology have evolved rapidly in recent years as they modulate epidermal proliferation, carcinogenesis, differentiation and permeability barrier function, which identifies them as promising drug targets for the treatment of skin diseases. The nuclear receptors LXR-ÃŽ ± and LXR-ÃŽ ² are expressed in murine and human keratinocytes [8, 9]. LXR activation also stimulates epidermal lipid synthesis, lamellar body secretion and lipid processing in th e stratum corneum [10]. LXR-ÃŽ ±activators stimulate keratinocyte differentiation and also promote epidermal permeability barrier homoeostasis [10]. Activation of LXR-ÃŽ ±by oxysterols stimulates keratinocyte differentiation, thereby, making LXR-ÃŽ ±important in keratinocytes differentiation as well [11, 12]. LXR-ÃŽ ±is also known to play a key role as metabolic checkpoint that modulates cell proliferation in skin. At proper dosage, synthetic LXR agonists are safe on endothelial cells and may even transrepress inflammatory reactions [13].It has also been found that LXR-ÃŽ ± might be playing an important role in pathogenesis of pigmentary disorders like psoriasis [14, 15]and vitiligo [16]. Changes in the expression of this receptor in various diseased conditions of skin make it a candidate gene worth investigation, as it may be critical players in keratinocyte and melanocyte biology and homeostasis [17]. In this article we characterize the effect of alteration in expression of LXR-ÃŽ ± in the keratinocytes influence the survival of the melanocytes. In our previous studies we have already explored the effects of agonists and activators of LXR-ÃŽ ± on its own gene expression in keratinocytes. We here report the effect of melanocytes viability following LXR-ÃŽ ± activation with Atorvastatin+22R hydroxycholestrol and Ascorbic acid +22R hydroxycholestrolin cultured keratinocytes, with both the cell types derived from of the same the skin biopsy METHODS Selection of the subjects and clinical evaluation This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. A total number of 6 controls were enrolled, after their informed consent. The age range was 18–40 years. Skin grafts were collected in the phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and immediately transported to the laboratory in ice. Cellular models employed Fresh biopsy specimens were obtained under aseptic conditions in phosphate buffer saline with antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin). Keratinocyte Cultures: Culturing of keratinocytes derived from skin biopsies of clinically healthy subjects were carried out in Keratinocytes Specific Media containing no antibiotics. The treatment with Atorvastatin+22R hydroxycholestrol and Ascorbic acid +22R hydroxycholestrol was performed. Cells in one of the wells were incubated with 30Â µM Atorvastatin and the other well was treated with 0.2mg/ml Ascorbic acid or 12 hours [18]. Then 10 Â µM 22R hydroxycholestrol was added to both the wells and cells were then incubated for 48 hours. Melanocyte Cultures: Culturing of melanocytes derived from skin biopsies of same clinically healthy subjects was carried out in Melanocyte Media Promocell containing no antibiotics. Then the media from the above mentioned treated keratinocytes was transferred to the respective melanocytes cultures for consecutive three days. Cell identification Keratinocytes: To verify that the cells cultured from the skin biopsies exhibited the characteristic signatures of keratinocytes, Melanocytes :DOPA staining To verify that the cells cultured from the skin biopsies exhibited the characteristic signatures of melanocytes, DOPA staining was performed following a modified method previously described [19]. RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis Total RNA was isolated using the Tri Reagent kit (Ambion, Austin, TX, USA), and cDNA was synthesized using the First-Strand cDNA Synthesis kit (Fermentas, St. Leon-Rot, Germany) following the manufacturers’ protocols. Semiquantitative RT-PCR Semiquantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the gene tran- scriptional expression. PCR amplification was performed using the GeneAmp PCR System 9700 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). All primers were synthesized by Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). The primer sequences used are given in Table S2. PCR amplification of cDNA was performed in a reaction mixture containing 10X polymerase, 2 ll cDNA template and sterile RNAse-free water added to a total volume of 25 ll. All PCR reagents were from Fermentas. We first amplified a housekeeping gene encoding b-actin, to monitor RNA quality and cDNA synthesis and to ensure that equivalent amounts of cDNA were used in all PCR amplifications. All PCR products were analysed by separation on a 2% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide. Annexin V staining Cultured melanocytes after culturing in conditioned media were were processed as previously mentioned [20] before being used for Annexin V staining (Roche, Mannheim, Germany), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. RESULTS Identifications of melanocytes Melanocytes were cultured with conditioned media from treated keratinocytes (both cell types derived from from skin biopsies of the same patient). After getting pure cultures, these cells were characterized by DOPA staining (Figure 1). LXR-ÃŽ ± mRNA expression We checked the expression profile of LXR-ÃŽ ± gene in melanocytes cultured in the conditioned media was compared to the controls (Figure.2). The aim was to detect any change in gene expression of LXR-ÃŽ ± and its effector genes . Results revealed the higher presence of LXR-ÃŽ ± mRNA expression in melanocytes cultured in bot the treated conditioned media compared to controls. Effect on the apoptosis Experiments were performed and it was interesting to find that there was an increase in the apoptosis of melanocytes nurtured with the media transferred from the keratinocytes treated Ascorbic acid + 22-R hydroxycholestrol i.e. 26% compared to 17.6% in the melanocytes nurtured with the media transferred from the keratinocytes treated Atorvastatin + 22-R hydroxycholestrol whereas the control non- treated melanocytes showed 10% apoptotic cell population (Figure 3). DISCUSSION The role multivalent LXR-ÃŽ ± has recently been described in many skin diseases. A marked expression of LXR-ÃŽ ± has been observed in cells adjacent to dermal papilla, speculating that it may correlate with site of hair melanocytes [21]. Important genes involved in regulation of both keratinocytes and melanocytes are target genes of LXR-ÃŽ ±; it can be speculated that LXR-ÃŽ ± might be playing the important role in pathogenesis of varied skin disorders and homeostasis [17]. Studies have previously shown that chronic activation of LXR-ÃŽ ± in pancreatic ÃŽ ²-cell provoked lipid dysregulation and concomitant apoptosis. To verify the speculation, the cultured melanocytes from the clinically healthy subjects were nurtured with the media from the LXR-ÃŽ ± activated (by both Vitamin C and Atorvastatin alongwith 22-R hydroxycholestrol) keratinocyte media. The DOPA staining in Figure 1 shows the viable melanocytes which were further validated by FACS and the results so obtained supported our speculation that LXR-ÃŽ ± activation in the normal healthy melanocytes may lead to their apoptosis, as LXR-ÃŽ ± is known to inhibit cell proliferation and enhance apoptosis (Figure 3). We have already reported that the LXR-ÃŽ ± expression was present in human melanocytes and keratinocytes [15, 16]. In this study, we compared the expression of LXR-ÃŽ ± in conditioned media from keratinocytes treated with Ascorbic acid + 22-R hydroxycholestrol and Atorvastatin + 22-R hydroxyc holestrol compared to the control and found that mRNA expression of LXR-ÃŽ ± was significantly higher in both the treated groups as compared to the control.So, it can be said that there is an LXR-ÃŽ ± imbalance in the genesis of skin disorders. Although future studies will reveal whether LXR-ÃŽ ± dysregulation in skin cells contributes to the diseased state in vivo, the data presented here suggest a potential target for the development of a successful method of regulating the diseased skin conditions. Not only LXR-ÃŽ ± has a robust anti-inflammatory activity in skin, but they also modulate epidermal proliferation, differentiation and permeability barrier function. The abnormal increase in LXR-ÃŽ ±expression in the pancreatic islets of obese and diabetic animal models and the ability of LXR-ÃŽ ±ligands to induce cell dysfunction suggest the involvement of chronic LXR-ÃŽ ±in cell apoptosis [22] . Keeping in view, the findings reported here coupled with earlier reported findings, it is not unlikely that LXR-ÃŽ ± transcriptome may be of crucial importance, not only in understanding of genomic basis of skin disorders it could be useful in designing futuristic therapy for these skin disorders.

The Role of Deception in Hamlet Essay examples -- GCSE English Literat

The Role of Deception in Hamlet  Ã‚      In the play Hamlet, deception is a major factor in the cause of the deaths of all those who die in the play, including Hamlet himself. The following paragraphs will outline the deception involved in the deaths of various characters including: Polonius, Gertrude, Laertes, Ophelia, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and Old Hamlet; as well as the downfall of the antagonist and protagonist: Claudius and Hamlet themselves. Dishonesty is a major factor in the deaths of many characters. "I'll silence me even here. Pray you be round with him." (III, iv, 4-5), is what Polonius says before hiding behind the arras in Gertrude's bedroom, and eavesdropping on Hamlet's conversation with his mother. Much to Polonius' misfortune, he is stabbed by Hamlet, who really intended to kill Claudius, mistaking him for Polonius behind the tapestry. Also, before Gertrude dies, Claudius says, "It is the poisoned cup; it is too late." (V, ii, 270). He is referring to the poisoned wine which he made for Hamlet, but Gertrude drank instead, and died as a result. As well, "The treacherous instrument is in thy hand, / Unbated and envenomed. The foul practice / Hath turned on me. Lo, here I lie, / Never to rise again." (V, ii, 294-297), is what Laertes says to Hamlet before he dies. Laertes tells Hamlet about how his own plan to kill Hamlet has turned on him, how he was blinded by rage over the death of his father, and how Claudius was the one who put him up to it. Other cases in which deceit is the cause of death include the death of Ophelia, given the impression that she is no longer loved, by Hamlet, who is just pretending to be mad and really has feelings for her. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern were killed due to their ... ... Burnett, Mark Thornton. " 'For they are actions that a man might play': Hamlet as Trickster". Smith, Peter J., and Nigel Woods, eds. Hamlet.Buckingham: Open U P, 1996. (24-54). Leverenz, David. "The Inner Hamlet: An Interpersonal View". Schwartz, Murray M. and Coppelia Kahn, eds. Representing Shakespeare: New Psychoanalytic Essays. Baltimore: John Hopkins U P, 1980. Rosenberg, Marvin. "Deception in Hamlet". Thompson, Marvin, and Ruth Thompson, eds. Shakespeare and the Sense of Identity. Newark: U of Delaware P, 1989. Shakespeare, William. The New Cambridge Shakespeare: Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Ed. Philip Edwards. Cambridge: Cambridge U P, 1985. Thatcher, David. Begging to Differ: Modes of Discrepancy in Shakespeare. New York: Peter Lang, 1999. Vickers, Brian. Appropriating Shakespeare: Contemporary Critical Quarrels. New Haven: Yale U P, 1993

Inclusion Essay -- essays research papers

Inclusion in Class   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inclusion â€Å"mainstreams† physically, mentally, and multiply disabled children into regular classrooms. Back in the sixties and the seventies, disabled children were excluded all together from regular classrooms. Currently, the federal inclusion law, I.D.E.A. (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act), addresses children whose handicaps range from autistic and very severe to mild (I.D.E.A. Law Page). From state to state the laws of inclusion vary. The laws may permit the special needs children to be in regular classrooms all day and for all subjects or for just one or two subjects (Vann 31). Other times the state laws allow those with special needs to have aids with them to help them in the regular classrooms (Sornson). There are many more variations. The creators of inclusion had the right idea in mind, but it is misused by many administrators and teachers because they aren’t focused enough on what the children really need. I believe that incl usion is not beneficial to normal children or special need students because of the difficult learning environment it creates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My oppositions leads a strong argument; every child should be able to experience a regular classroom in order to mature and socialize with other children in normal situations (Stussman 18). This is true; children need to be around other children in order to learn how to interact. In stating that, inclusion is one way to let children â€Å"mingle† and socially grow into adults who can communicate with the rest of the world. In March of 1997, â€Å"The Educational Digest† composed an article on Barak Stussman. She has mild cerebral palsy. She shared with the readers her story of how inclusion worked in her life. Barak retold how she felt deep sadness when she realized she was not â€Å"regular†. This made her hate going to school (Stussman 19). Two important statements were made by Barak: â€Å"If children do not perceive barriers, they will amaze you with what they are capable of doing,† and â€Å"I believe public school systems should be a microcosm of the ‘real world’† (Stussman 20). My oppositions feels inclusion is beneficial to children because they believe in the concept, â€Å"what you really need to make it in this world is good people skills and common sense; not academic achievement.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, the truth is... ...motional and distraught. It could also cause them to dislike school more and more as time goes on (Stussman 19). This bad learning environment is harmful the children who dislike the classroom. This negativity can spread and influence other children to dislike school as well; therefore they may not try or function to their potential. The focus of school should be to educate children in a manner and environment which supports and values them as people (Vann 33). The best program is the one which provides a combination of approaches that best suits each individual child (Vann 33).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inclusion is detrimental to both regular and special needs students because of the complicated and strenuous learning environment it creates. Though there are many variations in the inclusion technique, children are still being helped inadequately and they are not accomplishing the academic achievements that they could. Every child deserves to be in an environment where they will succeed academically and emotionally. Our responsibility is to ultimately create a system that places and supports students and their families in ways that will promote the greatest amount of success.

Urban Planners :: essays research papers

URBAN PLANNERS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Urban planners plan for the development of urban and rural areas. Most work for city, county, or other governmental agencies, where they help develop and perform official policy regarding current and future land use. They are concerned with all features of the environment, including the location and design of buildings, transportation systems and with the protection of natural resources, including air and water quality and population density. They report on the best location for houses, stores and parks. Planners also consider social and economic factors that will be affected by land use changes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Planners generally work in clean, well-lighted offices. However, they may spend much of their time outside the office, attending meetings or hearings, (Sometimes after hours), or inspecting development sites.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A bachelor's degree in planning or a related field is the minimum requirement for professional-level jobs. Some other requirements for most jobs include a master's degree or several years of professional experience or both. However it is possible to get started with only a bachelor's degree, a lot of competition for entry-level jobs and the rising difficulty of the work itself makes a master's degree suitable. Most authorities recommend an undergraduate degree in an area related to planning, such as geography, political science, or architecture followed by a graduate degree in planning. A degree in urban studies, environmental studies, or environmental planning programs requires the same two years of full time study to complete. Local government planning offices often hire college students to work during the summer. Students can learn a lot before they get their first job after they graduate. To become a certified planner, a certain amount of courses must be taken . A few universities have programs under which students may earn master's degrees in planning as well as in an similar field, such as architecture, in about three years of full time study. Planners must be able to think in terms of relationships and visualize the effects of their plans and designs. They should be flexible and able to reconcile different viewpoints and to make constructive policy recommendations. The ability to communicate well, both orally and in writing, is necessary for anyone interested in this field.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Government agency salaries for planners with a bachelor's degree and little or no experience starts at about $2,300 to about $3,000 a month. Planners with a master's degree or one or two years of experience can start at $2,500 to $3,500 or more a month.

Functional Life Skills Approach

1. Educating children with special and/or behavioral needs effectively demands respect for individuals and for individuality. Not all persons with special needs have the same needs. The students come from a variety of backgrounds, demonstrate a variety of talents, strengths, and weaknesses, and must be assessed and worked with on an individual basis. Children with special needs should also be educated alongside their average-needs counterparts, to the benefit of both. When children with average needs are exposed to children with special needs, an atmosphere of tolerance, awareness, and compassion will be more likely to permeate the school environment. Children with special needs also benefit from integration, except in exceptional circumstances when behavioral problems require some degree of separation. Finally, children with special needs require patience and long-term attention. Ideally, children with special needs will work with the same team of specialists for a long period of time. 2. The most important issues to keep in mind when implementing a Functional Life Skills Curriculum Approach include attention to individuality. While the program principles: communication, personal management, social skills, career skills, and applied academics remain stable, these core principles will need to be addressed differently for each child. Moreover, the children's' needs will change over time and it is important for educators to adapt and to notice when their needs or abilities are changing and adapt the curriculum accordingly. 3. Family Support is ideally integral to the educational process. However, in many cases family support is insufficient or lacking entirely. Family support offers educators a wealth of information about each child. The child's background, his or her behaviors at home, and other crucial information can be gleaned only from parents and others who spend a lot of time with the child. The home environment might also offer educators clues as to which programs, services, or practices to offer the child. 4. Outside agencies, organizations, and the private sector have an impact on special education and on the educational process in general. School funding is often inadequate to meet the needs of exceptional students. At those times, educators need to become aware of external options and introduce those to the parents and the students.

Hassan’s Story Essay

A. The two major types of surface markings that bone do have are the depression and openings. These include fissure, foramen, fossa, sulcus, meatus, process, condyle, facet head, crest, epicondyle, line, spineous process, trochanter, tubercle, and the tuberosity. B. Liu and Hassan were surprised to find metopic suture on an adult skull because right after birth the left side and right side of the birth bone are united by the metopic suture. They also were surprised, because this suture should have disappeared between the ages of six to eight years of age. Finally because they are only founded in 5 to 10% of people. C. The skeletal structures that are found inside the nasal cavity that might be missing from a excavated skull would be the perpendicular plate, middle and inferior nasal concha and the vomer. D. Hassan and his team would be able to tell the ages of the skeletal remains of the woman and the baby by the four main sutures such as coronal suture, sagittal suture, lambdoid suture, and the squamous sutures. E. The features that the larger skeletal in the sarcophagus would show to indicate it was a female is the vertebral column of a female is about 61cm (24in.) and a male vertebral column of a male is about 71cm (28in.). F. The bone of the neck region that could be affected or damage by strangulation or neck trauma other than the cervical vertebrae is the hyoid bone. G. If the bones of a person found at the excavation site were mixed and out of order the anthropologists would be able to determine which was cervical, lumbar, or thoracic, because the cervical vertebrae include interlocking vertebrae bodies with saddle shaped superior and inferior surfaces alongside the canal is triangular and of a similar size to the vertebral body, and the spinous process are shorter then in thoracic and not as massive as the lumbar vertebrae process. The thoracic vertebrae increases in body size and articulates with a pair of ribs in the human skeleton. The upper thoracic bodies are roughly triangular in a superior outline whilst the lower thoracic vertebral bodies are more circular. The vertebrae canal are smaller relative to the vertebral body, and importantly, more circular then in cervical vertebrae. Finally the lumbar vertebrae increase in size from superior to inferior. They are the largest of all the infused vertebrae, and should be easily identifiable by their size and features. H. Bones with their hard structures would be subject to and show signs of the disease that destroyed this community because I. The structure that passes through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae that would cause death if damaged as in the child’s skeleton is.

Children properly Essay

Also it made the people in Britain more aware of what living conditions were like in the cities, foster parents were appalled at the state of the children they were looking after. This quote from source E shows how the foster parents were shocked at the children’s behaviour. â€Å"The children went round the house urinating on the walls, they stank the place to high heaven†.  Evacuation could also be seen as a success as some of the children had a positive experience in the countryside, they saw it as an adventure. Source D shows evacuees at bath time, and although the baths are crowded, all the children are smiling and look as though they are enjoying themselves. From my own knowledge I know that Eric Buchanan enjoyed his stay with his foster family, the quote â€Å"It was marvellous† shows how he thought it was wonderful being in the countryside.  Another advantage of evacuation was that it freed women up so they could help with the war work.  Evacuation can also be seen as a failure for the following reasons.  The organisation wasn’t very good as parents didn’t know where their children were and the quote â€Å"we hadn’t the slightest idea where we was going† from source C shows how the children didn’t know themselves where they were going. Many of the children had a bad experience during their evacuation. One example is Michael Cane. The quote â€Å"we came out of the cupboard and the woman hit us with a tennis racket† shows how some children were abused by their foster parents. Also some of the foster parents just did it for the money and didn’t bother to look after the children properly.  Another example of pore organisation was the fact that the children were split from their families, their siblings would often be on the other side of the countryside and the children may have never seen their families again. Some of the foster parents had not been prepared for the state in which the evacuees were. They were shocked at the state they were in and didn’t know how to cope. Two examples of this are source E and source F. The quote from source E â€Å"filthy habit of the children† and the quote from source F â€Å"common view of evacuees† show how the children were perceived as filthy, dirty and horrid children.  As a conclusion to this, I don’t think evacuation was a great success as they did not achieve a lot of what they wanted to achieve, a lot of the children had bad experiences, it was poorly organised and many of the foster parents didn’t care about how they treated their children.

A Vision, A Possibility

I was born into a family of four who never experienced silver spoons on our mouths. My father passed away when I was still 24 years old. His death, aside from leaving us with loneliness and grief, also brought us to an unstable economic situation. However, the financial constraints were not successful in dampening my spirit and blocking me from my dreams. I always believe that there is always a way in everything if I put my heart into it. With the help of my mother and my older sister, I was able to finish Law at Kwang Woon University in Seoul, Korea in 2004. I also took up Arts and Sciences degree, majoring in Liberal Arts at the Kapiolani Community College in Honolulu, Hawaii in 2006. At present, I am enrolled in Bachelor of Business Administration in Accounting at the Shidler College of Business, University of Hawaii, in Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii. As an assistant to the director of Samnam Corporation in Korea, I learned to take responsibility and initiative. I took charge of assisting the sales department daily operations, the director’s daily schedules, and documents sent to and from other departments. I also exhibited social responsibility as a volunteer at the Korean Care Home in Kiapu, Hawaii. I am also thankful that I have been given opportunities to share my skills in the martial arts by voluntarily teaching taekwondo at the central YMCA. For me, nobility and honor rises from volunteer works, especially if it means helping those who are badly in need. Even though, I have less earthly treasures, I believe that I can still share something to my countrymen and even to the entire community with my skills and talents. I know these are endowed upon me to be able to share it to others. If granted, the scholarship would provide me with the opportunity to achieve the goals I have set for myself. I am driven to achieve a career in business and I believe that a thorough mastery in accounting would be of great help to me. I envision myself to be a chief executive officer (CEO) of a stable, well-respected, and well-established corporation in the near future. I am greatly interested in Korean economy and I see myself as an instrument that can help the society in its struggle towards economic stability. In particular, I would like to discover what industries would prosper both in the United States and my homeland, Korea, and soon venture in economically-beneficial business undertakings. I am also confident that the scholarship would provide me the opportunity, the resources and the information I would need to delve into deeper researches and analyses. These studies would later on be helpful and informative to other students, to the school, to the community and to the society at large. Moreover, with my great virtue of humility, I never forget to look back from where I come from. Thus, I believe that with my hard work and dedication, I would be of great help to your company and institution. This grant would give me the capacity to share more and help others. Since I am also endowed with the virtue of generosity, I believe that this scholarship would cause a positive multiplier to the community. This scholarship would mean a lot to me because I have a great passion to learn. I hope you will give me a chance to fulfill a very noble mission by granting me this scholarship, and I assure you, you will never regret it because I have a deep commitment for education and service.

Explain Mackie's argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Explain Mackie's argument - Essay Example He pokes a hole in all the arguments proclaiming the existence of God. The three propositions in the text above are in contradictions: God’s omnipotence, God being wholly good, ye amongst all these evil exists. If the two are true, then the third will be false, the three being part of the arguments that proclaim the existence of God. In a logical and philosophical argument adherence to the three propositions cannot be consistent. Theologians argue that evil is the balance that God uses to bring goodness, however this argument is certainly a limitation on the omniscience of God. Langtry (2008) points out a good person does not always eliminate evil as far as possible, the resulting understanding from Mackie’s argument. Further, he points out that thw world is better with some evil than without evil, as pain and misery are first order evils which are deductively important parts of second order good which include suffering and heroism when confronted with danger. Therefore the problem of evil is stated in form of second order evil compared against present solution which is

Problem Solving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Problem Solving - Essay Example One that is tightly optimised for an initial set of conditions might be more efficient whilst those conditions prevail but fail totally should conditions change. And in today's business world, conditions change daily." The original meaning of Ashby's Law dealt with people attempting to keep a system stable. The controller of the system is better able to control it the more options he has. Variety of action controls variety of input (Wyrdology). According to Bellinger, Castro, and Mills (2009, pg. 1), "According to Russell Ackoff, a systems theorist and professor of organizational change, the content of the human mind can be classified into five categories: Data: symbols; Information: data that are processed to be useful; provides answers to "who", "what", "where", and "when" questions; Knowledge: application of data and information; answers "how" questions; Understanding: appreciation of "why"; Wisdom: evaluated understanding." Ackoff indicates that the first four categories relate to the past; they deal with what has been or what is known. Only the fifth category, wisdom, deals with the future because it incorporates vision and design. With wisdom, people can create the future rather than just grasp the present and past. But achieving wisdom isn't easy; people must move successively through the other categories." "There are many approaches to problem solving, depending on the nature of the problem and the people involved in the problem. The more traditional, rational approach is typically used and involves, eg, clarifying description of the problem, analyzing causes, identifying alternatives, assessing each alternative, choosing one, implementing it, and evaluating whether the problem was solved or not" (Free Management Library, 2009, pg. 1). The Work of Wiig and the KRI Kristen Wiig is an actress. She has appeared in the following: Despicable Me, Late Night, WhipIt!, Extract, All Good Things, Saturday Night Live, The Flight of the Conchords, Love is a Weapon of Choice, Adventureland, Ghost Town, Forgetting Sarah Marshall, Semi-Pro, Pretty Bird, Walk Hard, 30 Rock, Bill, The Brothers Solomon, Knocked Up, Unaccompanied Minors, Home Purchasing Club, The Enigma with a Stigma, The Drew Carey Show, Untitled Aisha Tyler Project, I'm with Her, June, Life Death and Mini Golf, The Joe Schmo Show, and Melvin Goes to Dinner (IMDB, 2009). "The KRI Library addresses the need for a structured mechanism for key risk indicators and sets the stage for peer-group benchmarking. KRIs are widely viewed as having great potential-as a practical tool for tracking risk and losses, for measuring performance, for conducting process improvement exercises, for calculating capital (especially qualitative adjustments to capital estimates), and particularly for sounding an early warning of changes to an organization's risk profile" (RMAHQ, 2009, pg. 1). KRI services fall into a broad range of services, including the following services:

Entrapment by Government Agents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Entrapment by Government Agents - Essay Example Throughout the two and a half years, the government has been pestering Jacobson, to the point of almost forcing him to commit a crime. The fictitious organizations that have been sending him mails and surveys seem to be wanting to pin him down. The government was trying to lure him to commit the crime by informing him that censorship was infringing on his rights and sexual freedom. Jacobson is an innocent victim of entrapment by the government. The information about pornography and other illicit sexual activities were being fed to Jacobson, flaunted right into his mail box. The government did not give him a choice but to participate in the surveys and be a member of the phony organizations. Instead of trying to trap him, the government should have gone after the real offenders, those who do not need any persuasion from them to commit the crime. The Supreme Court defined entrapment in this case by stating that â€Å"if the defendant before contact with law enforcement officers or their agents did not have any intent or disposition to commit the crime charged and was induced or persuaded by law enforcement officers or their agents to commit the crime, then he was entrapped† (What constitutes entrapment by government agents?, 1992). Yes, one agrees with the definition of the Supreme Court. One believes that to prove that there is entrapment, two factors must be considered which was captured in the definition of the Supreme Court. The first is that the defendant was induced by the government to commit the crime. The second factor is the matter of whether the defendant is predisposed to commit the crime, given the fact that he was induced inappropriately to commit the

Pulmonary Edema Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Pulmonary Edema - Research Paper Example Pulmonary edema if left untreated could lead to a number of complications and could eventually lead to death of the patient. One of the most common conditions of pulmonary edema is the patient’s difficulty in breathing and in some cases the coughing is accompanied by the patient coughing up pink frothy sputum that is actually blood. Anxiety and pale skin are also attributed to pulmonary edema along with the patient sweating in great amounts. Patients in some cases cannot lie down in a straight position because of their inability to breathe properly. If a patient lies down then he or she would exhibit signs of breathlessness or shortness of breath (Ford & Mazzaferro, 2012). Patients can even suffer breathlessness during the night when they are asleep. Patients wake up from their sleep at night in a state of great anxiety (Ford & Mazzaferro, 2012). In cases where the patient suffers from a chronic case of pulmonary edema, there are symptoms that need to be looked for in the patient. One of the symptoms of chronic pulmonary edema is peripheral edema, where other parts of the body tend to swell up. In most cases peripheral edema is observed within the limbs of the patient. When pressed upon this swelled area, the skin takes a greater time to return to its normal state. An increased jugular venous pressure and swelling of the liver are also observed in patients with acute pulmonary edema. There has even been cases where patients with chronic pulmonary edema have displayed symptoms such as the heart making a third beat and crackling sounds being made by the patient at the end of each breath (Ford & Mazzaferro, 2012). Due to the seriousness of the illness, most physicians and medical personnel diagnose pulmonary edema based on the symptoms of the patient. The initial test conducted is an X-ray of the chest. The chest X-ray helps physicians determine if

The narrative section of a companys annual report provides users with Essay

The narrative section of a companys annual report provides users with useful information on the companys performance and prospects - Essay Example Thus, a quality narrative report about a company is extremely essential for sound assessments and evaluation; it creates a platform for the organization to be evaluated when on matters that deal with corporate governance and company performance. Corporate governance is always deemed to improve the organization’s long tern outcomes. Narrative reporting has a number of significances to the firm, shareholders, potential customers, lenders and investors. To start with, a narrative report is deemed as a document for the potential investors and lenders. An accurately prepared narrative report provides the organization with a document that can be presented to the lenders and investors who have expressed their interest in the company’s business or even potential stakeholders that can be approached for funding. Thus, preparing an objective and clear narrative report for the purposes other than evaluation of the firm’s general progress is useful as it can be presented to other parties outside the organization. Secondly, a narrative report is useful since it enables the company to reflect on the direction a business has taken in both previous and present years. A number of questions and comparisons must be drawn so as the report can cover or rather answer many of the questions being asked by the organization or the public. The way this information is presented, it must be easily understood by both the members of the organization and the public in order to communicate its intentions (Yeoh, 2010). In addition, a narrative report that has a snapshot of the organization’s capabilities trend that traces all the transactions or activities in previous years. Thus, this document will provide useful information that can act as proof whether the company has always been operating within the affordable or sustainable margins that earn it reasonable profits (Anderson, 1981). Furthermore, a narration report that includes

Intangible assets as per IAS 38 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Intangible assets as per IAS 38 - Essay Example IAS 38 does not recognize all intangibles as assets and thereby invokes various controversies. Intangible assets are important components of many enterprises. It is stressed that all intangible assets should be treated in a consistent way so that financial statements present really a true and fair view of business and other activities of organizations. Lack of consistent approach erodes the creditability and comparability qualities of financial statements. IAS 38 require a thorough revision because of the under noted reasons. There should be the uniform treatment of all types of intangible assets, whether monetary or non-monetary. There is no answer as to why financial assets have been left out to be recognized by IAS 38. The standard has not treated the recognition of research and development expenses on some logical accounting grounds. When the entire expenditure whether incurred in research phase or development phase is going to bring in future economic benefits to the organizatio n, then why there are two different treatments to expenditure on one particular created asset. IAS 38 does not specify the reasonability of expensing the research expenses and capitalizing the expenses during development stage, when the object of expenditure at both stages is same.

BIOCHEMISTRY ASSIGNMNET Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

BIOCHEMISTRY ASSIGNMNET - Scholarship Essay Example Sci-Tech Encyclopedia information about ion exchange McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology. Copyright 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Carl R. Kemnitz and Mark J. Loewen J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 2007; 129(9) pp 2521 - 2528 http://www.expasy.ch/ http://www.brenda.uni-koeln.de http://www.genome.ad.jp/dbget-bin/www_bgetec:1.5.1.34 Biochemistry Manual from http://mcb.berkeley.edu/ UniProtKB/TrEMBL Release 35.5 of 15-May-2007 UnitProt Taxonomy Browser. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/newt/display Protein Spotlight, 2004. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Q1. (30 marks) The following peptide, substance Z, was isolated from whale intestinal mucosa: GAKKIYPRVSACMIHGGAVIAIDMDGTDA The active peptide is amidated on the C-terminal amino acid. Draw the structure of the amidated amino acid residue. (5) The following reagents act on this peptide. Write out the products for each treatment, using the one-letter amino acid abbreviations. (6) a. Trypsin GAK---K---IYPR---VSACMIHGGAVIAIDMDGTDA b. Dansylchloride (first products) GAK---KIYPRVSACMIHGGAVIAIDMDGTDA c. Cyanogen bromide. GAKKIYPRVSACM---IHGGAVIAIDM---DGTDA Peptide Z is an inactive precursor. It is converted to the active peptide by hydrolysis with chymotrypsin. The larger product of the hydrolysis is the active peptide. Draw the structure of the active peptide. (8) GAKKIYPRVSACM---IH---GGAVIAIDM---DGTDA Q2. (30 marks) a) Read up about leucine zipper proteins and answer the following questions. Keep answers brief. - What is the characteristic structural feature of these proteins What forces keep the zipper zipped up These proteins are characterized by two helices that look like a zipper with leucine residues lining on the inside of the zipper. The hydrophobic interactions of the branched chain of the...In this way, the larger molecules of the inactive peptide would not be able to bind to the stationary phase and therefore, will be eluted first. And after this, a strong acid exchanger can be used to facilitate the dissociation of the active peptide with the stationary phase. Enzyme activity at 5 hours was measured as DA min-1 = 0.15. The protein concentration of the stock enzyme solution used for the assay of activity was 50 mg ml-1. Details of the assay are given in Q4. Assume e for the product was 800 L mol-1 cm-1 at the wavelength used, and measurements were made in a cuvette of 1 cm light path. Calculate the specific activity of the enzyme after it had been treated for 5 hours at 25o. Express your answer as mmoles product produced per minute per mg protein. Set all your calculations out clearly. Peptide Z is an inactive precursor. It is converted to the active peptide by hydrolysis with chymotrypsin. The larger product of the hydrolysis is the active peptide. Draw the structure of the active peptide. (8) - What is the characteristic structural feature of these proteins What forces keep the zipper zipped up These proteins are characterized by two helices that look like a zipper with leucine residues lining on the inside of the zipper. The hydrophobic interactions of the branched chain of the leucine residues keep the helices in place. - What is the role of the zipper in these proteins - In pri

US Education system Essay Example for Free

US Education system Essay The spectrum of education which ranges on the world scene is highly progressive, dynamic and competitive. Education system of a particular country not only influences the way the basics are taught, but it highly affects the thinking, assimilating and the expression of the particular group. It is greatly affected by the thinking and expectations of the existing form of government, the decision makers and the geographic region. The historical background also plays a key role in the evolution of this dynamic process. It stimulates growth and evolution of the person as well as the country. The destiny of a country is very clearly guided and linked by the kind of educational measures it has taken a decade ago. The education system of USA is very open and creative, it allows for mental stimulation, open thinking, research and analysis, but in the last decade or two it has become weak in the area of science and mathematics. The balance of the creativity and skills of observation and analysis are both essential for well rounded educational system. In current times, especially under the regime of Mr. Bush, emphasis has been to restructure the educational system to stimulate more science and mathematics in the curriculum, from early elementary years of basic education. Back to basics has been the key slogan for new education system based on strengthening the science, mathematics and creativity, making the full complete circle. The realization has been made to strengthen the weaknesses, by comparing and contrasting with the systems of Asia and Europe, with special emphasis on Japan, Germany and Europe. â€Å"America has reading literacy rate at 98% of population over age 15, but ranks below average in science and mathematics understanding. The poor performance has pushed public and private efforts such as the No Child Left Behind Act. In addition, the ratio of college-educated adults entering the workforce to general population (33%) is slightly below the mean of other developed countries (35%) and rate of participation of the labor force in continuing education is high. As No Child Left Behind Act focuses on reading and math as primary target for improvement, other instructional areas have not benefited. There is much discussion within educational circles about the impact of singularly focusing on reading and math as tested areas for improvement and its impact on other areas of learning† (â€Å"Education in the United States†). The cost of education is another factor which affects the education system. The United States Department of Education recently released a statement detailing the average cost per pupil in public school as $3,500 USD per pupil, whereas average private school cost per pupil was $7,200 USD. In contrast , the private schools in Asia average around $1,400 USD per year and in Germany it is $4,500. The cost of education determines the availability of educational opportunities to minorities within the society, which shapes the overall characteristics of the nation on the whole (â€Å"Education in the United States†). â€Å"The family, as well as peers and school, plays a crucial role in forming students attitudes toward schooling and academics. In the case of Japan, research has documented that studying and homework are central concerns of Japanese families (Stevenson and Stigler, 1992; Lewis, 1995)† (The Role of School†). The school curriculum focuses directly or indirectly in teaching correct attitudes, moral values and to developing character. They aim at creating students who are literate as well as attuned to the basic values of culture and society. Teachers are highly honored and have high social status. Teaching duties extend to the moral instruction and character development of the children. â€Å"During the tests, students are up really late. They study all night. Virtually all are up to midnight. They dont sleep before then. When that goes on, I wish they would use their time better†. It is a more rigorous system based on core values of the society (â€Å"Education in Japan†). Germany offers dual system of education, with its strong emphasis on apprenticeships. The German education system provides different paths for students based on individual ability (â€Å"Education in Germany†). Children enter Grundschule at age 6, and students of all levels of ability remain together as a group through the fourth grade of Grundschule (sixth grade in two states). Following Grundschule, when most students are around 10 years old, the German school system tracks students of differing abilities and interests into different school forms. The support for this system of education remains strong among teachers, students, and parents of differing educational and social class background (An Overview of the German System). For much of its history, education in the United States was segregated (or even only available) based upon race. For the most part, African Americans received very little to no education before the Civil War. In the south where slavery was legal, many states enacted laws which made it a crime for blacks to even be able to read, much less attend school alongside white classmates. After the Civil War and emancipation, blacks still received little help from the states themselves. The federal government, under the Radical Republicans, set up the Freedman’s Bureau to help educate and protect former slaves (â€Å"Education in the United States†). Regardless of history, politics and government, schools need to nurture and build on the cultural norms that contribute to growth. â€Å"Strong schools have strong cultures evidenced by their heroes and heroines, rituals and ceremonies, and shared beliefs and values† (Deal). Education is this whole experience of growth and nurturance.America needs to grow more in its culture, values and inspiration. Works Cited: Education in the United States. Wikipedia. 20 Feb 2007. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 20 Feb 2007. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States. Education in Japan. Wikipedia. 15 Feb 2007. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 20 Feb 2007. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Education_in_Japan. Education in Germany. Wikipedia. 18 Feb 2007. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 20 Feb 2007. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Education_in_Germany. The Role of School in Japanese Adolescents Lives: Family Influences on Adolescent Development and School Participation. Archived Information. 1998. The Educational System in Japan: Case Study Findings. 20 Feb 2007. http://www. ed. gov/pubs/JapanCaseStudy/chapter4c. html. An Overview of the German System. Archived Information. 1998. The Educational System in Germany: Case Study Findings. 20 Feb 2007. http://www. ed. gov/pubs/GermanCaseStudy/chapter1a. html. Deal, Terrence E. , and Allan A. Kennedy. Culture and School Performance. Effective Schools and School Improvement Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development: Alexandria, Virginia, 1989: 140-41.

Learning Team Reflection Essay Example for Free

Learning Team Reflection Essay Introduction In business, quality refers measures of excellence and remaining free of defects, deficiencies, and significant variations. Quality products or services are brought about by the commitment to abide by certain standards. These standards are put in place to maintain customer or user satisfaction, (Business Dictionary.com, 2014). In this paper, Learning Team A will discuss total quality management, ISO standards, how these standards are used to improve an organization, benefits and challenges of these standards, and the role of the quality control department within an organization in relation to TQM and ISO standards. Total Quality Management and ISO Total quality management may be defined as managing the entire organization so that it excels on all dimensions of products and services that are important to the customer, (Jacobs, H., Chase, R., 2011).† The two primary goals of total quality management (TQM) are to ensure that the product or service is carefully designed, and secondly, to ensure systems within the organization can consistently produce and design the product or service. TQM resembles Six Sigma to a great degree, but it is a different process. TQM focuses on ensuring standards and guidelines are actually reducing errors while Sigma looks to reduce defects, (Jacobs, H., Chase, R., 2011).† ISO are a series of standards used to measure quality. These guidelines are international guidelines established by the Internal Organization for Standardization. To gain certification for these standards, the process takes greater than a year. ISO 9000 represents standards for the criteria that need to be met during manufacturing processes. ISO 14000 refers to rules or guidelines set for environmental management of industrial production. This standard simply promotes useful tools for businesses to help manage environmental impact, (Investopedia, 2014). Advantages of TQM and ISO in organizations Customer satisfaction is the main goal for every organization. Customers are satisfied if they get a product or service that meets their expectation and if it is of fair price. Total Quality management helps to provide this quality assurance for the customers. It helps the organization to make the needed corrections and improve production. Apart from satisfied customers, organizations also need to improve their efficiency and effectiveness of doing business. TQM places a focus on internal process that includes process alignment, consistent delivery and process productivity (CEBOS, 2012). With TQM, organizations will have a longer term competitive edge. TQM is a philosophy that empowers all the employees and it promotes continuous and sustained improvement. Its basic principle is that the cost of prevention is less than the cost of correction (Gharakhani, Rahmati, Farrokhi, Farahmandian, 2013). Like TQM, ISO also provides benefits for a business. According to (ISO, 2014), when a company improves its operations, it saves cost. Having internationalized standards will improve operations and reduces operational expenses. Standards will help to enhance customer satisfaction and access new markets. It also helps companies to increase their productivity and stay in the competitive edge. ISO 9000, certification increases marketability and reduces product liability risks, because the quality of the product is enhanced. With the ISO 14000, organizations reduce their footprint in global environment. ISO14000 helps companies to save in energy consumption, reduce the cost of waste management, and improve corporate image among regulators, customers and the public (ISO, 2014). References Business Dictionary.com (2014). Quality. Retrieved from, Business Dictionary.com Web site: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/quality.html Investopedia (2014). ISO 9000. Retrieved from, Investopedia Web site: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/iso-9000.asp Investopedia (2014). ISO 14000. Retrieved from, Investopedia Web site: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/iso-14000.asp Jacobs, F., Chase, R. (2011). Product and Service Design. In (Ed.), Operations and Supply Chain Management (13th ed., pp. 38-67). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin. CEBOS (2012). How Can TQM Make Your Business More Successful?. Retrieved from, CEBOS Web site: http://www.cebos.com/how-can-tqm-make-your-business-more-successful/ Gharakhani, D., Rahmati, H., Farrokhi, M. R., Farahmandian, A. (2013). Total Quality Management and Organizational Performance. American Journal of Industrial Engineering, 1(3), pp. 45-50. ISO. (2014). Benefits of International Standards. Retrieved from http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/benefitsofstandards.htm ISO. (2014). ISO 14000 – Environmental management. Retrieved from http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/benefitsofstandards.htm

The History Of Hinduism Rituals Religion Essay

The History Of Hinduism Rituals Religion Essay Hindus practice many rituals collectively known as Sansakaras. These rituals or sanskaras depict events in the life cycle of a Hindu person. According to the ancient texts in Hinduism, most significant events in the life cycle include Birth, Marriage, and Death. These Are Explained as Follows: Mix Christianity intro 1. Birth: In Hinduism, birth of a child is considered a religious ceremony, and involves many rituals. Some of the common rituals, practiced by almost all Hindus at the time of birth of a child, and their significance are discussed below. These rituals initiate a child into Hinduism and are collectively referred to as birth rituals. i. The first one is Garbhadhana or Impregnation rites. This ritual includes a planned sexual intercourse, between a husband and his wife, performed in a certain way, to conceive the best possible baby. The sex during Garbhadhana is not for pleasure but for developing a good or divine soul in the womb of the wife. Garbhadhana is purely spiritual, and is considered to be very essential. It is required to populate the world with good souls. This is explained by Lord Krishna in Bhagavad Gita, Sex aimed at creating godly children is as good as God Himself. balam balavatam caham kama-raga-vivarjitam dharmaviruddho bhutesu kamo smi bharatarsabha I am the strength of the strong, devoid of passion and desire. I am sex life which is not contrary to religious principles, O lord of the Bharatas' (Hindu). ii. Jatakarma is the ritual performed to welcome the baby into this world. It is performed right before the umbilical cord is cut. In this ritual, father of the child feeds honey to the baby and chant prayers or mantras in babys ear. This ritual is supposed to increase the aptitude of the child and spiritually help him or her to lead a long and healthy life. In addition, it represents that the presence of the child is desired and appreciated in the family. iii. Namakarana, meaning to give a name, is the ritual in which the child is given a name, which is meaningful and inspiring. A good name is very important for the child because its meaning reminds him of a purpose or an objective in life and inspires him to fulfill that objective. Generally there is a get-together, in which, sweets are distributed among family and friends after a name has been given to the baby. iv. Mundan is the ritual where, first haircut of the child is performed. In this ritual, all the hairs on childs head are removed and poured into the nearest holy water body. The removal of these hairs signifies the removal of any deficiencies in the child, and is considered to stimulate growth of the nervous system. Another initiation ritual, called as Upanayana, is performed for boys in Hinduism. It is carried out right before the puberty starts. This ritual marks the second birth of the child as he begins his journey of religious self-construction. In this ceremony, the boy acknowledges his duties towards his religion and his privileges resulting from Hinduism. During Upanayana ceremony, a sacred thread is tied around the waist of the boy. This thread consists of three separate symbolic threads meaning to, worship god, show love and respect to parents, and learn from the religious teacher (Hindu). Although, a child is born into Hinduism by various birth rituals, a boy child is again initiated into the religion through Upanayana ritual. Christianity on the other hand, has few significant specific rituals for birth. One common practice in Roman Catholics is where the mother goes to the church, certain days after giving birth to a child, to thank god for a successful birth. By doing this, she re-enters her religious community after pregnancy, and hence this practice is sometimes referred to as a purity rite. The most significant ritual associated with birth is baptism of the baby. It represents the babys commencement into Christianity. It is generally performed from 0 to 6 months after the birth of the baby. It is generally performed by the minister of the church, when he pours the holy water and says, I baptise you (or, The servant of God (name) is baptized) in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit (see Matthew 28:19). According to bible, baptism is a requirement for salvation (Mark 16:16; Titus 3:5). Baptism pictures the death and burial of our old self and our resurrection to a new life in Jesus Christ as Romans 6 tells us: Or do you not know that as many of us as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death? Therefore we were buried with Him through baptism into death, that just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life. For if we have been united together in the likeness of His death, certainly we also shall be in the likeness of His resurrection, knowing this, that our old man was crucified with Him, that the body of sin might be done away with, that we should no longer be slaves of sin. For the death that He (Jesus) died, He died to sin once for all; but the life that He lives, He lives to God. Likewise you also, reckon yourselves to be dead indeed to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus our Lord. (Romans 6:3-6, 10-11, NKJV) (biblestudy). This verse and its description in biblestudy.org clearly demarcates that the sins of a person are forgiven and washed away by getting baptized because through baptism, the person symbolizes that he is regretful for all his sins but now he has complete faith in Jesus, and is willing to live a good life under the shadow of Jesus Christ. Although, infant baptism is performed soon after the birth of a child, it can be compared to the Hindu initiation ritual of Upanayana because of the similar purposes of the two rituals. After baptism, a catholic child is regarded as a member of the church and a complete relationship is established between the child and the church. Therefore, it is clear that like Upanayana, Baptism marks the beginning of religious education. Confirmation to baptism occurs when the young person can knowingly and freely choose Christian faith, (21 cite this). This happens at an age similar to the age of Upanayana ritual in Hinduism. For both these rituals, a fundamental change takes place in the life of the person undergoing the ritual, and this change is considered a rebirth as a fresh identity with new faith, duties, and privileges. According to Christianity, a person cannot attain salvation without being baptized. Likewise, Upanayana ceremony in Hinduism is the initiation on the road to religious ed ucation that ultimately leads to salvation. Hindus practice many rituals collectively known as Sansakaras. These rituals or sanskaras depict events in the life cycle of a Hindu person. According to the ancient texts in Hinduism, most significant events in the life cycle include Birth, Marriage, and Death. These Are Explained as Follows: Mix Christianity intro Initiation 1. Birth: In Hinduism, birth of a child is considered a religious ceremony, and involves many rituals. Some of the common rituals, practiced by almost all Hindus at the time of birth of a child, and their significance are discussed below. These rituals initiate a child into Hinduism and are collectively referred to as birth rituals. i. The first one is Garbhadhana or Impregnation rites. This ritual includes a planned sexual intercourse, between a husband and his wife, performed in a certain way, to conceive the best possible baby. The sex during Garbhadhana is not for pleasure but for developing a good or divine soul in the womb of the wife. Garbhadhana is purely spiritual, and is considered to be very essential. It is required to populate the world with good souls. This is explained by Lord Krishna in Bhagavad Gita, Sex aimed at creating godly children is as good as God Himself. balam balavatam caham kama-raga-vivarjitam dharmaviruddho bhutesu kamo smi bharatarsabha I am the strength of the strong, devoid of passion and desire. I am sex life which is not contrary to religious principles, O lord of the Bharatas' (Hindu). ii. Jatakarma is the ritual performed to welcome the baby into this world. It is performed right before the umbilical cord is cut. In this ritual, father of the child feeds honey to the baby and chant prayers or mantras in babys ear. This ritual is supposed to increase the aptitude of the child and spiritually help him or her to lead a long and healthy life. In addition, it represents that the presence of the child is desired and appreciated in the family. iii. Namakarana, meaning to give a name, is the ritual in which the child is given a name, which is meaningful and inspiring. A good name is very important for the child because its meaning reminds him of a purpose or an objective in life and inspires him to fulfill that objective. Generally there is a get-together, in which, sweets are distributed among family and friends after a name has been given to the baby. iv. Mundan is the ritual where, first haircut of the child is performed. In this ritual, all the hairs on childs head are removed and poured into the nearest holy water body. The removal of these hairs signifies the removal of any deficiencies in the child, and is considered to stimulate growth of the nervous system. Another initiation ritual, called as Upanayana, is performed for boys in Hinduism. It is carried out right before the puberty starts. This ritual marks the second birth of the child as he begins his journey of religious self-construction. In this ceremony, the boy acknowledges his duties towards his religion and his privileges resulting from Hinduism. During Upanayana ceremony, a sacred thread is tied around the waist of the boy. This thread consists of three separate symbolic threads meaning to, worship god, show love and respect to parents, and learn from the religious teacher (Hindu). Although, a child is born into Hinduism by various birth rituals, a boy child is again initiated into the religion through Upanayana ritual. Christianity on the other hand, has few significant specific rituals for birth. One common practice in Roman Catholics is where the mother goes to the church, certain days after giving birth to a child, to thank god for a successful birth. By doing this, she re-enters her religious community after pregnancy, and hence this practice is sometimes referred to as a purity rite. The most significant ritual associated with birth is baptism of the baby. It represents the babys commencement into Christianity. It is generally performed from 0 to 6 months after the birth of the baby. It is generally performed by the minister of the church, when he pours the holy water and says, I baptise you (or, The servant of God (name) is baptized) in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit (see Matthew 28:19). According to bible, baptism is a requirement for salvation (Mark 16:16; Titus 3:5). Baptism pictures the death and burial of our old self and our resurrection to a new life in Jesus Christ as Romans 6 tells us: Or do you not know that as many of us as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death? Therefore we were buried with Him through baptism into death, that just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life. For if we have been united together in the likeness of His death, certainly we also shall be in the likeness of His resurrection, knowing this, that our old man was crucified with Him, that the body of sin might be done away with, that we should no longer be slaves of sin. For the death that He (Jesus) died, He died to sin once for all; but the life that He lives, He lives to God. Likewise you also, reckon yourselves to be dead indeed to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus our Lord. (Romans 6:3-6, 10-11, NKJV) (biblestudy). This verse and its description in biblestudy.org clearly demarcates that the sins of a person are forgiven and washed away by getting baptized because through baptism, the person symbolizes that he is regretful for all his sins but now he has complete faith in Jesus, and is willing to live a good life under the shadow of Jesus Christ. Although, infant baptism is performed soon after the birth of a child, it can be compared to the Hindu initiation ritual of Upanayana because of the similar purposes of the two rituals. After baptism, a catholic child is regarded as a member of the church and a complete relationship is established between the child and the church. Therefore, it is clear that like Upanayana, Baptism marks the beginning of religious education. Confirmation to baptism occurs when the young person can knowingly and freely choose Christian faith, (21 cite this). This happens at an age similar to the age of Upanayana ritual in Hinduism. For both these rituals, a fundamental change takes place in the life of the person undergoing the ritual, and this change is considered a rebirth as a fresh identity with new faith, duties, and privileges. According to Christianity, a person cannot attain salvation without being baptized. Likewise, Upanayana ceremony in Hinduism is the initiation on the road to religious ed ucation that ultimately leads to salvation.